Linux is a rising star in the geeky back office of computing. Its gains
have come as an operating system for the data-serving computers that run
corporate networks and serve up Web pages. On the desktop, Microsoft's
<http://www.nytimes.com/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx?MW=http://custom.marketwatch.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp&symb=MSFT>
Windows still reigns supreme.
...
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"/>
<html>
<head>
<script language="JavaScript">
if (document.layers) {
document.write("<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='http://www.nytimes.com/css/article.ns.css'>");
}
else {
document.write("<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='http://www.nytimes.com/css/article.css'>");
}
</script>
<script type="text/JavaScript">
<!--
function nameIt() {
window.name = 'nytimesmain';
}
function pop_me_up2(pURL,name,features){
new_window = window.open(pURL,name,features);
new_window.focus();
}
function changeImage(image_name,image_src) {
document.images[image_name].src = image_src;
}
function goToURL(obj){
var f = (obj.section) ? obj : obj.form;
var selected = f.section.selectedIndex;
var URL = f.section.options[selected].value;
if (URL != "") document.location = URL;
return false;
}
if (window.self != window.top) {
top.location.replace(window.location.pathname);
}
//-->
</script>
<title>I.B.M. Helps Promote Linux</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name="ROBOTS" content="NOARCHIVE">
<meta name="DISPLAYDATE" content="November 11, 2003">
<meta name="hdl" content="I.B.M. Helps Promote Linux">
<meta name="byl" content="By STEVE LOHR">
<meta name="lp" content="I.B.M. and a group of other technology companies are beginning a drive to promote Linux as an alternative to Microsoft’s Windows.">
<meta name="cre" content="The New York Times">
<meta name="pdate" content="20031111">
<meta name="ttl" content="">
<meta name="virtloc" content="">
<meta name="des" content="Computers and the Internet">
<meta name="per" content="">
<meta name="org" content="Microsoft Corporation;International Business Machines Corporation;Open Source Development Lab">
<meta name="geo" content="">
<meta name="ticker" content="Microsoft Corporation|MSFT|NASDAQ;International Business Machines Corporation|IBM|NYSE;Hewlett-Packard Company|HPQ|NYSE;Intel Corporation|INTC|NASDAQ;RealNetworks Incorporated|RNWK|NASDAQ">
<meta name="dat" content="November 11, 2003">
<meta name="tom" content="News">
<meta name="cat" content="">
<meta name="col" content="">
<meta name="dsk" content="Technology">
<meta name="articleid" content="1068457823355">
<meta NAME="ARTICLE_TEMPLATE_VERSION" CONTENT="500">
<script type="text/JavaScript">
var google_hints = "Computers+and+the+Internet,Microsoft+Corporation,International+Business+Machines+Corporation,Open+Source+Development+Lab";
</script>
</head>
<body marginheight="0" marginwidth="5" leftmargin="5" topmargin="0" link="#000066" bgcolor="#ffffff" alink="#990000" vlink="#444464" onload="nameIt()">
<a name="top"></a>
<NYT_HEADER>
<table width="768" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" valign="top">
<tr>
<td width="184" align="left" valign="top"><!--NYT Logo --><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/";><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/header/nytlogoleft_article.gif"; width="184" height="40" align="left" border="0" alt="The New York Times"></a></td>
<td width="400" align="left" valign="top"><NYT_HEADER_IMAGE><a href="/pages/technology/index.html"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/header/sect_technology.gif"; width="400" height="40" border="0" alt="The New York Times Technology"></a></NYT_HEADER_IMAGE></td>
<td width="179" align="right" valign="middle" class="date">
</td>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" bgcolor="#000000"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="768" colspan="4"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td>
</tr>
</table>
</NYT_HEADER>
<table width="768" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
<td width="379" class="small">
<IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="379" height="1" border="0" alt=""/><br>
<span class="small">NYTimes: <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/";>Home</a> - <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/ref/membercenter/help/siteindex.html";>Site Index</a> - <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/archive.html";>Archive</a> - <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/membercenter/sitehelp.html";>Help</a></span>
</td>
<td width="379" align="right">
<IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="379" height="1" border="0" alt=""/><br>
<span class="small">
<!--start dynamic -->
<!--user who is not logged in gets the following -->
<!--user who is logged in gets the following -->
<nobr><font class="headerbold">Welcome,</font> <a href="/mem/profile.html">karounos</a></nobr>
- <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/membercenter";>Member Center</a> - <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/logout";>Log Out</a>
<!--end dynamic -->
</span>
</td>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="768" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" bgcolor="#000000"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
</tr>
</table>
<table width="768" bgcolor="#F6F6F6" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="5" background="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/global/bg_header.gif";>
<IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
<td width="210" background="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/global/bg_header.gif";>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<form name="sectionform" onsubmit="return goToURL(this);">
<tr>
<td valign="center">
<span class="small">
<select name="section" onchange="goToURL(this);" class="small">
<option selected="">Go to a Section</option>
<option>-----------------------</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/arts/index.html?gts";>Arts</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/automobiles/index.html?gts";>Automobiles</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/books/index.html?gts";>Books</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/business/index.html?gts";>Business</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/cartoons/index.html?gts";>Cartoons</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/corrections.html?gts";>Corrections</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/crosswords/index.html?gts";>Crossword/Games</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/dining/index.html?gts";>Dining & Wine</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/opinion/index.html?gts";>Editorials/Op-Ed</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/education/index.html?gts";>Education</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/fashion/index.html?gts";>Fashion & Style</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/health/index.html?gts";>Health</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/garden/index.html?gts";>Home & Garden</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/world/index.html?gts";>International</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/jobs/index.html?gts";>Job Market</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/learning?gts";>Learning Network</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/magazine/?gts";>Magazine</option>
<option value="http://movies.nytimes.com?gts";>Movies</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/multimedia/index.html?gts";>Multimedia/Photos</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/top/features/travel/destinations/unitedstates/newyork/newyorkcity/index.html?gts";>NYC Guide</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/pageone/index.html?gts";>NYT Front Page</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/national/index.html?gts";>National</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/nyregion/index.html?gts";>New York Region</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/obituaries/index.html?gts";>Obituaries</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/readersopinions/index.html?gts";>Readers' Opinions</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/realestate/index.html?gts";>Real Estate</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/science/index.html?gts";>Science</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/sports/index.html?gts";>Sports</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/technology/index.html?gts";>Technology</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/travel/index.html?gts";>Travel</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/politics/index.html?gts";>Washington</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/weather/?gts";>Weather</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/weekinreview/index.html?gts";>Week in Review</option>
<option>-----------------------</option>
<option value="http://www.nytimes.com/ref/membercenter/help/siteindex.html#services";>Services</option>
</select>
</span>
</td>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
<td width="17" valign="center"><input width="28" height="21" border="0" alt="Go" type="image" src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/go_button.gif";></td>
<td width="10"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
</tr>
</form>
</table>
</td>
<td width="130" align="center" background="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/global/bg_header.gif";>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<form method="get" action="/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx">
<tr>
<INPUT type="hidden" name="MW" value="http://marketwatch.nytimes.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp";>
<td valign="center" class="headerbold">Quotes:</td>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
<td valign="center"><INPUT type="text" size="3" name="symb" class="small"/></td>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
<td width="17" valign="center"><input width="28" height="21" border="0" alt="Go" type="image" src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/go_button.gif";></td>
<td width="10"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
</tr>
</form>
</table>
</td>
<td width="423" align="right" background="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/global/bg_header.gif";>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<form action="http://query.nytimes.com/search/query"; method="get">
<INPUT type="hidden" name="date" value="past30days"/>
<tr>
<td valign="center" class="headerbold">Site Search:</td>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="31" border="0" alt=""/></td>
<td valign="center">
<INPUT type="text" size="14" name="query" class="small"/>
</td>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
<td align="right" valign="middle"><input width="28" height="21" border="0" alt="Go" type="image" src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/go_button.gif";> </td>
<td width="3"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="3" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
</tr>
</form>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" bgcolor="#cccccc" width="768"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="768" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
</tr>
</table>
<table width="768" bgcolor="#f2f2f2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" valign="top">
<tr><td><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt="" border="0"/></td></tr>
<tr> <td width="768" align="center" valign="top"><!-- ADXINFO classification="banner" campaign="ibmwebsur5_03-nyt2"--><IFRAME SRC="http://ad.doubleclick.net/adi/N815.nytimes/B1240011.3;sz=468x60;ord=2003.11.11.06.32.32?"; WIDTH=470 HEIGHT=62 MARGINWIDTH=0 MARGINHEIGHT=0 HSPACE=0 VSPACE=0 FRAMEBORDER=0 SCROLLING=no BORDERCOLOR='#000000'>
<SCRIPT language='JavaScript1.1' SRC="http://ad.doubleclick.net/adj/N815.nytimes/B1240011.3;abr=!ie;sz=468x60;ord=2003.11.11.06.32.32?";>
</SCRIPT>
<NOSCRIPT>
<A HREF="http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/N815.nytimes/B1240011.3;abr=!ie4;abr=!ie5;sz=468x60;ord=2003.11.11.06.32.32?"; target="_blank">
<IMG SRC="http://ad.doubleclick.net/ad/N815.nytimes/B1240011.3;abr=!ie4;abr=!ie5;sz=468x60;ord=2003.11.11.06.32.32?"; BORDER=0 WIDTH=468 HEIGHT=60 ALT="Alt Text"></A>
</NOSCRIPT>
</IFRAME></td></tr>
<tr><td><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt="" border="0"/></td></tr>
</table>
<table width="768" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left" valign="top" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="20" border="0" alt=""/></td>
<td valign="center" class="breadcrumb" width="763">
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com"; class="breadcrumb">NYTimes.com</a> > <a href="/pages/technology/index.html" class="breadcrumb">Technology</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="768" colspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="768" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br clear="all">
<table width="768" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left" valign="top">
<tr>
<td width="768" align="left" valign="top">
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" align="left" valign="top">
<tr>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" alt""></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top" align="left"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="20"><br></td>
<td width="16" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="3">
<IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="16" height="1" alt"">
</td>
<td valign="top" rowspan="2" align="center">
<br>
<NYT_LINKS_ONSITE>
<!--inline start -->
<table width="184" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" >
<!--cobranding elements -->
<!--There are no related assets -->
<tr>
<td width="184">
<script name="javascript">
<!--
function submitCCCForm(){
PopUp = window.open('', '_Icon','location=no,toolbar=no,status=no,width=650,height=550,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes');
this.document.cccform.submit();
}
// -->
</script>
<form name="cccform" action="https://s100.copyright.com/CommonApp/LoadingApplication.jsp"; target="_Icon"><INPUT type="hidden" name="Title" value="I.B.M. Helps Promote Linux"><INPUT type="hidden" name="Author" value="By STEVE LOHR"><INPUT type="hidden" name="ContentID" value="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html";><INPUT type="hidden" name="FormatType" value="default"><INPUT type="hidden" name="PublicationDate" value="NOV 11 2003"><INPUT type="hidden" name="PublisherName" value="The New York Times"></form>
<table width="184" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="184" colspan="2" bgcolor="#999999"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="2" border="0" alt=""/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="10"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="15" border="0" alt=""/></td>
<td width="174" class="subheader" valign="center">ARTICLE TOOLS</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table width="184" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr><td width="184" colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td></tr>
<tr><td width="184" colspan="2"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="2" border="0" alt=""/></td></tr>
<tr>
<td valign="center" width="17"><A HREF="http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/email?REFURI=http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html";><a href="http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/email?REFURI=http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html&position=";><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_email.gif"; alt="Email This Article" vspace="2" hspace="6" width="16" height="16" border="0"/></a></a></td>
<td valign="center" width="167"><span class="small"><A HREF="http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/email?REFURI=http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html";><a href="http://ea.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/email?REFURI=http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html&position=";>E-Mail This Article</a></a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="center" width="17"><A HREF="/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html?pagewanted=print&position="><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_print.gif"; alt="Printer Friendly Format" vspace="2" hspace="6" width="16" height="16" border="0" /></a></td>
<td valign="center" width="167"><span class="small"><A HREF="/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html?pagewanted=print&position=">Printer-Friendly Format</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="center" width="17"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/gst/pop_top.html";><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_most_emailed.gif"; alt="Most E-mailed Articles" vspace="2" hspace="6" width="16" height="16" border="0"/></a></td>
<td valign="center" width="167"><span class="small"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/gst/pop_top.html";>Most E-Mailed Articles</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="center" width="17"><a href="#" onClick="javascript:submitCCCForm();"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_reprints.gif"; alt="Reprints & Permissions" vspace="2" hspace="6" width="16" height="16" border="0"/></a></td>
<td valign="center" width="167"><span class="small"><a href="#" onClick="javascript:submitCCCForm();">Reprints & Permissions</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="center" width="17"><A HREF="/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html?pagewanted=all&position="></a></td>
<td valign="center" width="167"><span class="small"><A HREF="/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html?pagewanted=all&position="></a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="184" colspan="2"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/dotted_divider.gif"; width="184" height="1" alt="" /></td></tr>
<tr><td width="184" colspan="2">
<!-- ADXINFO classification="logo_strips" campaign="foxsearch50-nyt5"--><A HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&page=www.nytimes.com/yr/mo/day/technology&pos=Frame4&camp=foxsearch50-nyt5&ad=in_america_3.gif&goto=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Efoxsearchlight%2Ecom%2Finamerica%2Findex%5Fnyt%2Ehtml"; target="_blank"><IMG SRC="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/adx/images/foxsearch50-nyt5/in_america_3.gif"; BORDER=0 ></A>
</td></tr>
</table>
<br clear="all">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="184">
<map name="tracker"> <area href="http://www.nytimes.com/mem/tnt.html?module=precall"; shape="rect" coords="9,5,93,16"> <area href="http://www.nytimes.com/mem/tnt.html?module=manage"; shape="rect" coords="114,5,159,18"> <area href="http://www.nytimes.com/gst/poptoptnt.html"; shape="rect" coords="8,24,103,36"> <area href="javascript:pop_me_up2('http://www.nytimes.com/ads/marketing/newstracker/Timestracker.swf','788495','width=788,height=495,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,top=10,left=20,status=no,location=no');" shape="rect" coords="115,23,176,37"> <area href="http://www.nytimes.com/premiumproducts/newstracker/index.html"; shape="rect" coords="22,41,165,61">
</map> <table width="184" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="#1065A5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="184" height="2"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td colspan="2" class="pad"><span class="subheader">TIMES NEWS TRACKER</span><br></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="184" height="1"></td></tr><tr bgcolor="#E7E7E7"><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td width="137" class="newstracker"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="137" height="1"><br> Topics </td><td width="45" class="newstracker"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="45" height="1"><br>Alerts </td><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td></tr><form ACTION="/mem/tnt.html" METHOD="GET" ENCTYPE="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"><INPUT type="hidden" name="retA" value="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html";><INPUT type="hidden" name="retT" value="I.B.M. Helps Promote Linux"><INPUT type="hidden" name="topic1" value="Microsoft Corporation"><INPUT type="hidden" name="topic_field1" value="nyt_org_all"><INPUT type="hidden" name="topic2" value="International Business Machines Corporation"><INPUT type="hidden" name="topic_field2" value="nyt_org_all"><INPUT type="hidden" name="topic3" value="Open Source Development Lab"><INPUT type="hidden" name="topic_field3" value="nyt_org_all"><INPUT type="hidden" name="topic4" value="Computers and the Internet"><INPUT type="hidden" name="topic_field4" value="des"><INPUT type="hidden" name="module" value="call"><INPUT type="hidden" name="alert_context" value="1"><tr bgcolor="#F7F7F7"><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td width="137" class="pad"><span class="small"><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?ppds=org&v1=MICROSOFT+CORP&fdq=19960101&td=sysdate&sort=newest&ac=MICROSOFT+CORP&rt=1%2Cdes%2Corg%2Cper%2Cgeo";>Microsoft Corporation</a></span></td><td width="45" valign="top" class="create"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"><br><input value="y" width="41" height="14" border="0" name="topic1_check" alt="Create" type="image" src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/newstracker_create.gif";><br><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="2"><br></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td></tr><tr bgcolor="#F7F7F7"><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td width="137" class="pad"><span class="small"><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?ppds=org&v1=INTERNATIONAL+BUSINESS+MACHINES+CORP&fdq=19960101&td=sysdate&sort=newest&ac=INTERNATIONAL+BUSINESS+MACHINES+CORP&rt=1%2Cdes%2Corg%2Cper%2Cgeo";>International Business Machines Corporation</a></span></td><td width="45" valign="top" class="create"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"><br><input value="y" width="41" height="14" border="0" name="topic2_check" alt="Create" type="image" src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/newstracker_create.gif";><br><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="2"><br></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td></tr><tr bgcolor="#F7F7F7"><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td width="137" class="pad"><span class="small"><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?ppds=org&v1=OPEN+SOURCE+DEVELOPMENT+LAB&fdq=19960101&td=sysdate&sort=newest&ac=OPEN+SOURCE+DEVELOPMENT+LAB&rt=1%2Cdes%2Corg%2Cper%2Cgeo";>Open Source Development Lab</a></span></td><td width="45" valign="top" class="create"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"><br><input value="y" width="41" height="14" border="0" name="topic3_check" alt="Create" type="image" src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/newstracker_create.gif";><br><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="2"><br></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td></tr><tr><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td></tr><tr bgcolor="#F7F7F7"><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td><td width="137" class="pad"><span class="small"><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?ppds=des&v1=COMPUTERS+AND+THE+INTERNET&fdq=19960101&td=sysdate&sort=newest&ac=COMPUTERS+AND+THE+INTERNET&rt=1%2Cdes%2Corg%2Cper%2Cgeo";>Computers and the Internet</a></span></td><td width="45" valign="top" class="create"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"><br><input value="y" width="41" height="14" border="0" name="topic4_check" alt="Create" type="image" src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/newstracker_create.gif";><br><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="2"><br></td><td width="1" bgcolor="#CECBCE"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1"></td></tr></form><tr><td colspan="4"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/newstracker_bottom.gif"; width="184" height="66" usemap="#tracker" border="0"></td></tr></table>
<br clear="all">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="184">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!--inline end -->
</NYT_LINKS_ONSITE>
<br clear="all">
<!-- begin promo box -->
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="10" class="promoboxtitle"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="20" alt="" /></td>
<!-- begin promo box title -->
<td width="100%" class="promoboxtitle" align="center" valign="center">NYT Store</td>
<!-- begin promo box title -->
<td width="10" class="promoboxtitle"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="20" alt="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="100%" colspan="3" class="promoboxtext"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="10" alt="" /></td></tr>
<!-- begin promo box item 1 -->
<tr>
<td width="10" class="promoboxtext"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="1" alt="" /></td>
<td width="100%" class="promoboxtext"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&page=www.nytimes.com/yr/mo/day/technology&pos=Middle5&camp=nytstore-cont&ad=NSWOWSC&goto=%5F%5FQUERY%5F%5F&query=http://www.nytimes.com/nytstore/books/business/NSLC01.html";><img src="http://graphics.nytimes.com/nytstore/images/products/books/business/NSLC02_thumb.gif"; width="90" height="90" alt="U.S. vs. Microsoft: The Inside Story of the Landmark Case" align="left" vspace="0" hspace="5" border="0"></a><span class="smallbold">U.S. vs. Microsoft: The Inside Story of the Landmark Case</span><br><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&page=www.nytimes.com/yr/mo/day/technology&pos=Middle5&camp=nytstore-cont&ad=NSWOWSC&goto=%5F%5FQUERY%5F%5F&query=http://www.nytimes.com/nytstore/books/business/NSLC01.html"; class="promoboxtext"><strong>Price: $24.95. Learn More.</strong></a></td>
<td width="10" class="promoboxtext"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="1" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<!-- end promo box item 1 -->
<tr><td width="100%" colspan="3" class="promoboxtext"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="10" alt=""></td></tr>
</table>
<!-- end promo box -->
<br clear="all"><br>
<!-- ADXINFO classification="contextual_commerce" campaign="nytnyt_whitepaper"--><table width="100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" border="0" valign="top" bgcolor="CCCCCC">
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" valign="top" bgcolor="FFFFFF">
<tr>
<td width="5"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="1" border="0" /></td>
<td valign="top"> <img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/whitepaper/whitepaper_138x40.gif"; width="138" height="40"><br />
<FONT class="smtext" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, Sans Serif" SIZE="-1">Find credible research
to help you make informed business decisions.<br>
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&page=www.nytimes.com/yr/mo/day/technology&pos=Travel7&camp=nytnyt_whitepaper&ad=whitepaper.html&goto=http://www.nytimes.com/whitepapers/";>Click here to download a free White Paper</a></font><br>
<img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="10" border="0" /><br />
</td>
<td width="5"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="5" border="0" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br clear="all"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="5">
<IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" alt"">
</td>
<td width="100%" valign="top" align="left">
<NYT_HEADLINE version="1.0" type=" ">
<h2>I.B.M. Helps Promote Linux</h2>
</NYT_HEADLINE>
<NYT_BYLINE version="1.0" type=" ">
<font size="-1"><strong>By STEVE LOHR</strong></font><br>
</NYT_BYLINE>
<IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="5" alt=""/><br>
<font class="footer">Published: November 11, 2003</font><br><br>
<NYT_TEXT >
<p><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/dropcap/l.gif"; width="24" height="33" align="left" border="0" alt="L">inux is a rising star in the geeky back office of computing. Its gains have come as an operating system for the data-serving computers that run corporate networks and serve up Web pages. On the desktop, <a href="/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx?MW=http://custom.marketwatch.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp&symb=MSFT";>Microsoft's</a> Windows still reigns supreme.</p><p>But <a href="/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx?MW=http://custom.marketwatch.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp&symb=IBM";>I.B.M.</a> and the Open Source Development Lab, whose membership includes <a href="/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx?MW=http://custom.marketwatch.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp&symb=HPQ";>Hewlett-Packard</a>, Dell and <a href="/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx?MW=http://custom.marketwatch.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp&symb=INTC";>Intel</a>, are beginning a drive to promote Linux as an alternative to Windows on the desktop.</p><p>One indication of their more aggressive approach came yesterday when an I.B.M. executive, Samuel J. Docknevich, delivered a speech at a technology conference outside Boston titled "The Time Is Now for Linux on the Desktop."</p><p>The Open Source Development Lab - a nonprofit organization to advance the use of open source software like Linux - is planning a program to encourage corporate adoption of desktop Linux, set to begin in January. "We're going to push a big desktop Linux initiative," Stuart F. Cohen, chief executive of the Open Source Lab, said last week in an interview. "It's clearly something our members want."</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="right"><tr><td width="5" rowspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" border="0"/></td> <td><div align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, Sans Serif" color="#999999" size="-2">Advertisement</font><br><!-- ADXINFO classification="bigad" campaign="ibmwebsur5_03-nyt2"--><IFRAME SRC="http://ad.doubleclick.net/adi/N815.nytimes/B1240011;sz=336x280;ord=2003.11.11.06.32.32?"; WIDTH=338 HEIGHT=282 MARGINWIDTH=0 MARGINHEIGHT=0 HSPACE=0 VSPACE=0 FRAMEBORDER=0 SCROLLING=no BORDERCOLOR='#000000'>
<SCRIPT language='JavaScript1.1' SRC="http://ad.doubleclick.net/adj/N815.nytimes/B1240011;abr=!ie;sz=336x280;ord=2003.11.11.06.32.32?";>
</SCRIPT>
<NOSCRIPT>
<A HREF="http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/N815.nytimes/B1240011;abr=!ie4;abr=!ie5;sz=336x280;ord=2003.11.11.06.32.32?"; target="_blank">
<IMG SRC="http://ad.doubleclick.net/ad/N815.nytimes/B1240011;abr=!ie4;abr=!ie5;sz=336x280;ord=2003.11.11.06.32.32?"; BORDER=0 WIDTH=336 HEIGHT=280 ALT="Alt Text"></A>
</NOSCRIPT>
</IFRAME></div></td></tr><tr><td><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="10" border="0"/></td></tr> </table><p> Mr. Cohen and others at the organization gave few details, except to say that the lab would try to broaden the base of support for desktop Linux. That, for example, might include helping with technology that could make it easier for Linux users to exchange data and documents created with Windows-based software. It might also include persuading the makers of popular personal computer software, like <a href="/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx?MW=http://custom.marketwatch.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp&symb=RNWK";>RealNetworks'</a> media player or Adobe's desktop publishing software, to create Linux versions.</p><p>Any inroads Linux makes on the desktop will probably come slowly. More than 300 million people worldwide use the Windows desktop operating system and Microsoft's Office suite, which includes the Word, Excel and PowerPoint programs.</p><p>But Linux advocates say that the full complement of Microsoft desktop software has far more features, and is far more costly, than most workers at many companies really need.</p><p> And corporate technology officers are concerned about the cost of upgrading tens of thousands of PC's every couple of years to new versions of Microsoft software and about the security flaws in Microsoft products that have been exploited regularly by digital vandals writing viruses and worms.</p><p>Linux has gained desktop converts for specialized uses like software development, computer animation and in scientific computing. Abroad, some governments and municipalities have championed the use of Linux. Earlier this year, for example, Munich announced that it would move from Windows to Linux on 14,000 desktop machines used by city workers.</p><p>Yet Linux on the desktop has not really made its way into the mainstream corporate market, especially in the United States. And I.B.M., whose entry into the personal computer business in 1981 made the PC a respected business tool, has the influence with corporate customers to give Linux on the desktop real credibility, analysts say. </p><p>"There is a lot of interest in Linux on the desktop from customers; this is definitely a trend with traction," said Scott Handy, vice president for Linux strategy and market development at I.B.M. "But we're being very pragmatic."</p><p>Long gone are the days of OS/2, I.B.M.'s desktop operating system, when Big Blue tried to confront Windows head on and wrest dominance of the operating system market from Microsoft.</p><p>The I.B.M. plan now is to use Linux as the desktop operating system in a simplified computing environment that relies on delivering, updating and maintaining desktop applications over high-speed corporate networks. Faster, low-cost telecommunications and improved Internet software make the transition possible, Mr. Handy said.</p><p>Studies have estimated the total cost of ownership of a PC in a corporate setting at $5,000 to $7,000 a year. The hardware and software costs are typically less than 30 percent of the total, with the expense of maintaining, updating and debugging accounting for the rest.</p><p>Deploying Linux and having applications centrally distributed and managed on server computers, using Internet technology, can cut the cost of owning a desktop machine in half or more, Mr. Handy said.</p><p>"The discussion with customers usually starts with Linux," he said. "But the huge gains come from using this server-based architecture, which is made possible by these Internet technologies. And Linux is one of them."</p><p>I.B.M., Mr. Handy said, is conducting dozens of assessments for corporate customers of Linux desktop use as part of a program to reduce costs. The companies, he said, do not want to be named because they have not decided to switch desktop technologies.</p><p>The Linux desktops tap into the applications on server computers, using a browser. E-mail, calendar, customer relationship management and word-processing applications are included. Mr. Handy said this kind of computing could be easily adopted by bank branch offices, sales people, insurance agents, auto dealers and others.</p><p>I.B.M. is trying it itself. About 15,000 workers use Linux desktops, mostly software developers and researchers. By the end of the first quarter of next year, I.B.M. plans to increase the number of Linux desktops to 30,000 as sales, marketing and administrative workers try it.</p><p>Still, Linux on the desktop has a long way to go. Shipments of Linux rose to 2.8 percent of desktop operating systems in 2002, up steadily from 1.7 percent two years earlier, according to IDC, a research firm. Windows accounted for nearly 94 percent of shipments last year.</p><p><br clear="all">
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="bottom"><!-- ADXINFO classification="text_ad" campaign="nytcirc_footerb"--><FONT> <A HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&page=www.nytimes.com/yr/mo/day/technology&pos=CircBottom&camp=nytcirc_footerb&ad=CirculationLink_B&goto=http%3A%2F%2Fhomedelivery%2Enytimes%2Ecom%2Fcgi%2Dbin%2Fgx%2Ecgi%2FAppLogic%2BFTContentServer%3Fpagename%3Duser%252FContentMgt%252FPromoFeature%252FPromoFeatureT1P%26ExternalMediaCode%3DWA3AM";><strong>Save 50% off home delivery of The Times
</strong></a>
</font><br>
</td></td></tr></table>
</NYT_TEXT><br clear=all>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="1" alt""></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top" align="left">
<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
<!--
var google_ad_client = 'nytimes_article_var';
var google_ad_width = '100%';
var google_ad_height = '180';
var google_ad_format = 'ca-nytimes_flex';
var google_safe = 'high';
// -->
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js";></script>
<br><br>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#999999"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="2" alt=""/></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="subheader" valign="center">RELATED ARTICLES</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" bgcolor="#C9C9C9" background="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/dot_1px.gif";><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt=""></td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="5" alt=""></td>
</tr><tr><td width="9"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/bullet_blue.gif"; alt="." width="9" height="4" vspace="3"></td><td class="smtext"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/05/technology/05linux.html?fta=y";>Novell to Buy SuSE Linux for $210 Million</a> (November 5, 2003) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td></tr><tr><td width="9"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/bullet_blue.gif"; alt="." width="9" height="4" vspace="3"></td><td class="smtext"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/04/technology/04blue.html?fta=y";>Microsoft to License I.B.M. Chips</a> (November 4, 2003) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td></tr><tr><td width="9"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/bullet_blue.gif"; alt="." width="9" height="4" vspace="3"></td><td class="smtext"><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/abstract?res=FB0C13FB3A550C748EDDA90994DB404482&fta=y";>New Economy; I.B.M. and Microsoft have different ideas for planning the future of the Internet. </a> (October 27, 2003) <font size="-2" face="arial,helvetica,sans serif" color="#990000">
<strong>$</strong></font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td></tr><tr><td width="9"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/bullet_blue.gif"; alt="." width="9" height="4" vspace="3"></td><td class="smtext"><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/abstract?res=F30A17F93B5C0C778CDDA00894DB404482&fta=y";>THE MEDIA BUSINESS: ADVERTISING -- ADDENDA; I.B.M. Promotes Power of Linux </a> (September 4, 2003) <font size="-2" face="arial,helvetica,sans serif" color="#990000">
<strong>$</strong></font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td></tr><tr><td></td><td class=smtext>Find more results for <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?ppds=org&v1=MICROSOFT%20CORP&fdq=19960101&td=sysdate&sort=newest&ac=MICROSOFT%20CORP";>Microsoft Corporation</a> and <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?ppds=org&v1=INTERNATIONAL%20BUSINESS%20MACHINES%20CORP&fdq=19960101&td=sysdate&sort=newest&ac=INTERNATIONAL%20BUSINESS%20MACHINES%20CORP";>International Business Machines Corporation</a> </td></tr></table>
<br>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" bgcolor="#999999"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="subheader" valign="center">TOP TECHNOLOGY ARTICLES</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" bgcolor="#C9C9C9" background="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/dot_1px.gif";><img src="/images/misc/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="7" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="9" valign="top"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/bullet_blue.gif"; alt="." width="9" height="4" vspace="3"></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top" class="smtext"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/business/11call.html?8br"; class="smtext">F.C.C. Backs Phone Number Portability</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="9" valign="top"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/bullet_blue.gif"; alt="." width="9" height="4" vspace="3"></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top" class="smtext"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/technology/11blue.html?8br"; class="smtext">I.B.M. Helps Promote Linux</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="9" valign="top"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/bullet_blue.gif"; alt="." width="9" height="4" vspace="3"></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top" class="smtext"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/technology/11oracle.html?8br"; class="smtext">Oracle Says PeopleSoft Plan for Rebates May Imperil Bid</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="9" valign="top"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/bullet_blue.gif"; alt="." width="9" height="4" vspace="3"></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top" class="smtext"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/11/international/middleeast/11TEHR.html?8br"; class="smtext">Tehran Journal: Marriages Made Not in Heaven but in a Cleric's Office</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="3" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="9" valign="top"><img src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; alt="" width="9" height="4" vspace="3"></td>
<td width="100%" valign="top" class="smtext">Go to <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/technology/index.html"; class="smtext">Technology</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="center">
<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr><td bgcolor="#DCDCDC" colspan="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt""></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="1" bgcolor="#DCDCDC"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="20" alt""></td>
<td width="10" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="1" alt""></td>
<td bgcolor="#EFEFEF" class="smtext"><font color="#999999">OUR ADVERTISERS</font></td>
<td width="10" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="1" alt""></td>
<td width="1" bgcolor="#DCDCDC"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt""></td>
</tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#DCDCDC" colspan="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt""></td></tr>
<tr>
<td width="1" bgcolor="#DCDCDC"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt""></td>
<td colspan="3"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="10" alt""></td>
<td width="1" bgcolor="#DCDCDC"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="1" bgcolor="#DCDCDC"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt""></td>
<td width="10"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="1" alt""></td>
<td class="adlinktext">
<FONT class="smtext" color="#3366CC" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, Sans Serif" SIZE="-1"><A HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&page=www.nytimes.com/yr/mo/day/technology&pos=Right5&camp=emode04-Emode-Remnant-2003-2004-1325-nyt8&ad=emode04text2.html&goto=%5F%5FQUERY%5F%5F&query=http://www.emode.com/forward?sid=1925&supp=Text_Link_What's_Your_IQ?&test=uiqogt" target="_blank">Whats Your IQ?</a></font><br>
<br>
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#DCDCDC" background="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/dot_1px.gif";><IMG src="<live-content>print IMGVAR_NAME_0</live-content>/images/misc/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1" alt=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br>
<!-- ADXINFO classification="box_120x90" campaign="aricept11-nyt7"--><A HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&page=www.nytimes.com/yr/mo/day/technology&pos=Bottom3A&camp=aricept11-nyt7&ad=mental-120&goto=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Enytimes%2Ecom%2Fads%2Fc2c%2Fmental%2Findex%2Ehtml"; target="_blank"><IMG SRC="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/adx/images/aricept11-nyt7/mental_120.gif"; BORDER=0 ></A>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td width="10"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="10" height="1" alt""></td>
<td width="1" bgcolor="#DCDCDC"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="1" bgcolor="#DCDCDC"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt""></td>
<td colspan="3"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="10" alt""></td>
<td width="1" bgcolor="#DCDCDC"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt""></td>
</tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#DCDCDC" colspan="5"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" alt""></td></tr>
</table>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="768" align="left" valign="top">
<table width="768" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="5" bgcolor="#E5E5E5">
<IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="5" height="25" border="0"/>
</td>
<td width="763" bgcolor="#E5E5E5" class="footer">
<NYT_FOOTER>
<NYT_COPYRIGHT>
<a href="/ref/membercenter/help/copyright.html" class="footer">Copyright 2003</a> <a href="http://www.nytco.com/"; class="footer">The New York Times Company</a> |
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/"; class="footer">Home</a> | <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/ref/membercenter/help/privacy.html"; class="footer">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/advanced/"; class="footer">Search</a> | <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/corrections.html"; class="footer">Corrections</a> | <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/membercenter/sitehelp.html"; class="footer">Help</a> | <a href="#top" class="footer">Back to Top</a>
</NYT_COPYRIGHT>
</NYT_FOOTER>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="763" colspan="2"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" border="0"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="763" colspan="2" bgcolor="#B9B9B9"><IMG src="http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width="1" height="1" border="0"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br><br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/header/nytlogoleft_article.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/header/nytlogoleft_article.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/header/sect_technology.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/header/sect_technology.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/global/bg_header.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/global/bg_header.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/go_button.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/go_button.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_email.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_email.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_print.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_print.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_most_emailed.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_most_emailed.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_reprints.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/icon_reprints.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/dotted_divider.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/functions/dotted_divider.gif"){kind=link}
![http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&page=www.nytimes.com/yr/mo/day/technology&pos=Frame4&camp=foxsearch50-nyt5&ad=in_america_3.gif&goto=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Efoxsearchlight%2Ecom%2Finamerica%2Findex%5Fnyt%2Ehtml"](http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=goto&page=www.nytimes.com/yr/mo/day/technology&pos=Frame4&camp=foxsearch50-nyt5&ad=in_america_3.gif&goto=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Efoxsearchlight%2Ecom%2Finamerica%2Findex%5Fnyt%2Ehtml"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/adx/images/foxsearch50-nyt5/in_america_3.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/adx/images/foxsearch50-nyt5/in_america_3.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/newstracker_create.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/newstracker_create.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/newstracker_bottom.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/misc/newstracker_bottom.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/images/misc/spacer.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics.nytimes.com/nytstore/images/products/books/business/NSLC02_thumb.gif"](http://graphics.nytimes.com/nytstore/images/products/books/business/NSLC02_thumb.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/whitepaper/whitepaper_138x40.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/ads/whitepaper/whitepaper_138x40.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/dropcap/l.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/dropcap/l.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/dot_1px.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/dot_1px.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/bullet_blue.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/article/bullet_blue.gif"){kind=link}
![http://graphics7.nytimes.com/adx/images/aricept11-nyt7/mental_120.gif"](http://graphics7.nytimes.com/adx/images/aricept11-nyt7/mental_120.gif"){kind=link}